Translation:進階信號配置法(zh-TW)
From OpenTTD
In-depth information about pre-signals and useful setups
提供關於預處理信號 (pre-signals) 更進一步的資訊，並實用的設置方法。
Usually, making an efficient station where all trains can go to all platforms is very difficult, because if all platforms are in use, the trains randomly choose one and wait till the train occupying it leaves. If that train is set to "full load" this may take a long time, the station will be blocked until that train leaves. One workaround is to have "overflow" tracks, where the train goes if everything is full. While this works, it makes the train run all the time while waiting for a platform. This is very inefficient, and it takes up a lot of space which might be an issue especially for a city station.
通常要製造一個高效率車站，以讓所有列車可以進到所有月台是一件困難的事情。因為如果所有的月台正被佔用，列車將隨機選擇一個月台作為目標等待，直到佔用的列車離開。如果佔用的列車被標記為「滿載」的話這過程將會花費很長的時間，表示直到該列車離開前車站將會持續被堵塞。當列車前往處已被佔據時，使用「溢流」的軌道運作法是一種堪用的解法。這方法運作時，會使列車在等待空月台時在軌道上持續奔跑。這非常的沒有效率，而且會佔用許多的空間。尤其是此種方法應用在類似城市型車站，而必須錙銖必較空間花費時會是個重要課題。
These new pre-signals on the other hand work similar to what is also often called "home signals" or "entrance signals". The regular TTD signals are called "block signals", because they always indicate whether the block protected by them is occupied, no matter where the train actually wants to go.
這些新的預處理信號，以其工作方式相似性而被稱為「家信號」或「入口信號」("home signals" or "entrance signals")。正規的運輸大亨信號被稱為區段信號，因為他們總是標出某一受保護的區段是否被佔據，而無視於列車正準備進入。
請查閱 Building signals 教程以取得信號與預處理信號更深入的指引。
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[edit] 如何建立預處理信號(How to build Pre-Signals)
Just build a regular signal and Ctrl+Click it.
只需先建立一個正規信號，並按住Ctrl鍵時用滑鼠在該信號上點擊。
[edit] 預處理信號的作業方式(How Pre-Signals Work)
Detailed information about the principles behind pre-signals.
預處理信號之原則，並其背後細節。
Pre-signals state whether a train can enter a station by looking if there is a free platform, not just by looking if the entrance is clear.
藉由查看是否有空月台的情況，預處理信號通知列車可否進入一個車站。這與只查看是否入口空置有所區別。
The basic principle is very simple: a pre-signal shows a green light if, and only if, there is a green exit from the block behind it (or if there are no exits at all). In the context of a station entrance, for example, this means that trains will enter the entrance only when there is at least one platform it can go to. If there isn't, it will wait in front of the pre-signal, and not block the station entrance (Fig 1).
基本的原則很簡單：當區段內預處理信號後的出口信號(exit)為綠燈時，該預處理信號會顯示綠燈，且也只有這種情況下該信號才會顯示綠燈(否則就是沒有任何出口信號)。就一個車站入口可能的情況而言，這表示只在至少有一月台可進入時，列車才會進入車站。如果沒有任何月台可進入，列車將會在預處理信號等待，並且不會阻塞住車站入口(見圖解1)。
This simple principle allows you to build very efficient yet simple stations, but first you have to understand how. The next few sections attempt to explain in more detail what the different types of signals are.
這個簡單的原則允許你建立非常高效而簡單的車站群，只是你必須先瞭解如何建造。下列幾節常識去闡明更多不同類型的信號細節。
With these signals, it is quite easy to have a small and yet very efficient station without the usual problems you get with busy stations, because now trains will be able to queue in front of a station, and get to the platforms in the order that they've arrived in.
藉由這些信號，在建立小且高效率之車站時，可以頗簡單的方式去避免繁忙車站中常遇到的問題。因為現在列車將可在站前佇列停留，並依照其到達順序循序入站。
Note that pre-signals do not change where a train goes, only when a train goes. You cannot use them to tell trains where to go, instead you should use waypoints for that.
注意預處理信號並不改變列車的走向。你無法以預處理信號告訴列車應該駛向何方，應改用路標(waypoint)以達到此種效果。
[edit] 信號的種類(Types of signals)
In the context of pre-signals, there are five different types of signals: plain signals, pre-signals, pre-signal exits, combo signals, and path based signals.
根據預處理信號的使用情況，有五種不同類別的信號：簡單信號 (plain signals) 、預處理信號、預處理出口信號 (pre-signal exits) 、複合信號 (combo signals) 與路徑基礎信號(path based signals)
| 類型 | 外貌 | 運作時機 | |
| 簡單信號 | 單一綠燈，無橫條 | 正常方式建立 | |
| 預處理信號 | 雙綠燈，水平黃色橫條 | 進入一個預處理信號區塊 | Ctrl+滑鼠單次點擊建立 |
| 預處理出口信號 | 雙綠燈，垂直灰色橫條 | 離開一個預處理信號區塊 | Ctrl+滑鼠雙次點擊建立 |
| 複合信號 | 雙綠燈，垂直黃色橫條 | 介於兩個預處理信號區塊間 | Ctrl+滑鼠三次點擊建立 |
| 路徑基礎信號 | 綠燈與黃燈 | 在單一信號區塊內有超過一輛列車以上 | 由於存在許多臭蟲，已自程式主幹或每日編譯版本中移除 |
Pre-signals and combo signals are the only signals that really behave differently, the exits only affect how the other signals behave. Note that a pre-signal block is bounded by any signal and not just pre-signals (so you can't span a pre-signal block over multiple ordinary signal blocks).
預處理信號與複合信號是唯一兩種行為真正有所差異的信號。注意預處理信號會接收任何信號的回音，而非只有預處理信號一類(所以你不能建立一個跨越多重正常信號的預處理信號區塊，因為該區塊範圍會在碰到第一個正常信號時結束)。
Pre-signals will show a green light if any of the exits or combo signals behind it show green. They prevent a train from entering a block unless it can leave it quickly. A pre-signal with no exit signals will behave as a normal signal, to allow the use of two-way pre-signals (where the other direction would usually lead to a route serviced by one train only). The pre-signal only considers actual exit signals when deciding whether to go green or remain red, even if there are other, non-exit signals that would allow a train to leave the block. Pre-signals can be either one-way or two-way signals, but will usually be one-ways.
預處理信號會在其後任何出口或複合信號為綠燈時亮綠燈。除非列車可以快速通過，否則他們制止了列車的進入。一個沒有任何出口信號配號的預處理信號將如普通信號般運作，用以允許使用兩路的預處理信號(通常另外的方向會導向僅由一輛列車進行的派送服務 where the other direction would usually lead to a route serviced by one train only)。預處理信號在決定是否開放綠燈，或維持紅燈時只會顧及出口信號當下的狀況，就算有其他非出口信號允許一輛列車離開區塊亦然。預處理信號可以為單路或雙路信號，但多數用於單路。
Pre-signal exits are signals leading away from the pre-signal block, and with NPF disabled, should normally be two-way signals, so as to give the train a choice. If they were one-way signals, the trains would all attempt to go to what they consider the "best" choice, even if there are other green signals they could go to as well. Therefore, with NPF disabled, an exit will in almost all cases have to be a two-way signal. NPF lifts this "restriction" and will choose the least cost path to its destination, and red signals have a higher cost than green.
預處理號區塊跟從於預處理出口信號(Pre-signal exits are signals leading away from the pre-signal block)。而在 NPF(New global pathfinding，新通用尋路演算法) 無作用時，預處理出口信號應正常作雙路信號使用以提供列車選擇的機會。如果有許多單路的信號，即使在有別的綠燈信號可供行走時，列車群也會全部駛向最好的選擇而造成堵塞。因此在NPF無作用時，出口信號在大多數的情況下必須作為雙路信號使用。NPF解除(lifts)了此種限制，並且將會選擇花費最少的的路徑作為列車的目標方向，而紅色的信號將比綠色的信號花費更多。
Combo signals are a combination of both pre-signals and exits. They serve as an exit to a prior pre-signal, but are a pre-signal themselves. As such, they are to be placed between two pre-signal blocks, so that trains can go to the additional exits behind a combo signal if they need to, but the blocks are still separate and allow a train in each block. Please see below for a specific example. Note that combo signals are not as useful as they should be, because they currently have some limitations. In the case where all exits are blocked, and trains are waiting at both pre-signal blocks, both trains will start moving when one exit becomes available, but of course there is only one platform, so one train ends up waiting in the pre-signal block.
複合信號組合了預處理與其離開信號。對在前方的預處理信號而言，該信號扮演了預處理離開信號的角色(實際上他們是預處理信號)。作為參照對象，他們會被放置在兩個預處理信號之區間，因此列車在有必要的時候，可以駛向複合信號後方的額外出口，但是區塊之間仍然獨立，並允許列車在各區塊間移動。請見下文所述以瞭解具體的範例。應該注意的是，因著一些限制的緣故，複合信號還沒有他們應達到的好用程度。當所有的出口都阻塞，且列車群都在預處理信號區內等待時，這些列車將會在其中一個出口可用時開始移動。但由於此時只有一個月台，所以只會有一輛在預處理信號區的列車結束等待。
[edit] 圖解各情況的預處理信號配置法(Presignals explained by conditions and graphics)
If you still can't understand how Pre-signals work or don't know what they are good for I will try to fill in the rest.
如果你仍然不知道預處理信號如何工作，或不知道他們的長處在哪，我會試著在剩下的內容中解釋清楚。
Below is an image of an "optimal" Pre-signal station layout.
下面是一個「最佳化」的預處理信號車站佈局。
With these signals trains will choose any free platform and if none is free it will wait at the entrance instead of brutally picking one and waiting for that train to leave.
藉由這些信號，列車可以選擇任何一個空月台。如果沒有空月台，則列車會停留在入口。這避免直接蠻橫(brutally)的挑選一個月台並等待前車離開。
解釋各信號種類
- 信號 1 至 12 是預處理出口信號
- 信號 A, B, C 與 D 是複合信號
- 信號 E 只是一個預處理信號 (預處理入口信號)
信號群如何運作
- 如果信號 1, 2, 3 與 4 為紅燈，則 A 將也會是紅燈。
- 如果信號 5, 6, 7 與 8 為紅燈，則信號 B 也會是紅燈。
- 如果信號 9, 10, 11 與 12 是紅燈，信號 D 也會是紅燈。
- 如果任何列車位於 A 與信號 1，2， 3 與 4 之間，信號 A 將會是紅燈。
- If any train is between signal B and signals 5, 6, 7 and 8 then signal B will be red.
- If any train is between signal C and signals A and B then signal C will be red.
- If any train is between signal D and signals 9, 10, 11 and 12 then signal D will be red.
- If any train is between signal E and signals D and C then signal E will be red.
- If signals A and B are red then signal C will be red.
- If signals C and D are red then signal E will be red preventing access to the station.
Below is an animation of how this would work in the game.
As the animation shows trains can choose any track without too many problems.
To clarify things further, below is a diagram showing a situation where Pre-Signals may be used effectively.
Another example:
