Variety distribution is a map generation setting which changes the distribution of low and high areas across the map to create patches of hills, open fields and lakes. Setting its value to none disables the option. Setting the value to medium or high creates a more realistic landscape with mountain ranges, open fields, and patches of lakes. Setting the value to low smooths off mountains and creates a relatively flat landscape.
Variety distribution is best used with terrain type set to mountainous or hilly.
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Purpose
The original purpose of variety distribution was to create ranges of hills and mountains that change as you move across the landscape. This creates more space for building stations and tracks, and gives the player a more varied construction experience.
Explanation
If you choose a mountainous landscape with low variety distribution then all of the map will look mountainous. If you chose high variety distribution then you will find areas of flat valleys and areas of high mountain ranges. Variety distribution aims to give more variety and a more "realistic" landscape. Setting variety distribution to medium creates patches of flat area and focuses hills making them easier to build around. Setting a high variety distribution creates ragged mountain ranges which require tunneling and bridges to cross.
Examples
Below are the screenshot of maps generated with different settings for Variety Distribution while keeping all other parameters the same (random seed included)
Development
Originally, Zephyris started a topic in the OpenTTD Suggestions forum, and many were interested.
peter1138 then created a patch with some examples of maps created with the patch ([1]). It was later introduced to trunk by peter1138 in r18541.